Espionage and Enslavement in the Revolution: The True Story of Robert Townsend and Elizabeth
In January 1785, a young African American woman named Elizabeth (Liss) was put on board the Lucretia in New York Harbor, bound for Charleston, where she would be sold to her fifth enslaver in just twenty-two years. Leaving behind a small child she had little hope of ever seeing again, Elizabeth was faced with the stark reality of being sold south to a life quite different from any she had known before. She had no idea that Robert Townsend, a son of the first family she was enslaved by, would locate her, safeguard her child, and return her to New York—nor that Robert, one of George Washington's most trusted spies, had joined an anti-slavery movement.
As Robert and Elizabeth’s story unfolds, prominent Revolutionary figures cross their path, including Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, Jupiter Hammon, John André, and John Adams, as well as participants in the Boston Massacre, the Sons of Liberty, the Battle of Long Island, Franklin’s Paris negotiations, and the Benedict Arnold treason plot. Elizabeth's journey brings a new perspective to America's founding—that of an enslaved Black woman seeking personal liberty in a country fighting for its own. The 2023 paperback edition includes a new chapter highlighting recent discoveries about Elizabeth's freedom and later life.
Liss's story as told in Espionage and Enslavement in the Revolution will be featured as part of a year-long exhibit at the Museum of the City of New York, “The Occupied City: New York and the American Revolution” Opening May 2026.
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Reviews
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“Espionage and Enslavement in the Revolution focuses on the intertwined lives of two fascinating people who inhabited the margins of their time: a Revolutionary War spy whose own family never knew the critical role he played in winning America’s independence and the enslaved woman whose intelligence and verve ultimately transformed the spy into an ardent abolitionist. A stupendous work of scholarship and storytelling—highly recommended.”
Nathaniel Philbrick, author of In the Heart of the Sea and Second Wind
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“At a time when historically marginalized voices and stories are at last being brought to the forefront, it’s exciting to learn about a true story explaining details of the Revolutionary War on Long Island, African American history in New York, and the valiant fight for independence in a world full of loss, heartache, and eventual triumph. Claire’s research and commitment bring history to life and reveal a new African American female hero: Liss. Enjoy!”
Vanessa Williams, Emmy-nominated and Tony-nominated singer, actor, producer, and first Black Miss America
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“Espionage and Enslavement in the Revolution will be of particular value to readers with an interest in 18th & 19th Century American Women's History, as well as the history of slavery, racism, and discrimination in America. While highly recommended for community and college/university library American History, Black Studies, and African-American Biography collections, it should be noted for personal reading lists…"
Midwest Book Review
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